When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support?

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How to Know When It’s Time for a Pool Renovation

Pool alarms can alert you to unexpected entry or movement, providing extra peace of mind. Work with a professional contractor to select materials and designs that complement your pool's finish, and decide on the placement to optimize both visual impact and sound. Best pool installer nashville TN. "Pool construction often comes with hidden costs that can catch homeowners off guard.

Keep the plumbing system and equipment in good condition by inspecting connections, valves, and seals for wear or leaks.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Above Ground Pools

  1. Artificial Grass Surroundings
  2. Above Ground Pools
  3. Ozone Pool Systems
  4. Bromine Systems
  5. pH Balancers
  6. Pool Coping
Don't forget to inspect the pool's equipment, such as pumps and heaters, for signs of wear or malfunction.

A structural warranty may protect against issues such as cracks or leaks in the pool's shell. "Weather conditions can have a significant impact on pool safety, so it's important to adjust your maintenance and usage practices accordingly.

"When making a warranty claim on pool equipment or construction, you can expect a clear process for addressing the issue. They also verify that water chemistry is balanced, preventing harmful bacteria or chemical imbalances that could pose health risks. Best nashville pool builders TN.

By staying consistent and using efficient systems, homeowners can keep their pool maintenance costs under control while extending the pool's lifespan." Some warranties won't cover issues arising from extreme weather events, unauthorized repairs, or misuse of the equipment. Some warranties also cover structural elements, such as the pool shell or liner.

Solar heating systems harness renewable energy, reducing reliance on traditional power sources. Online registration often provides easy access to warranty terms, service records, and claim forms, making the process more convenient.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Ozone Pool Systems

  1. Slip-resistant Decking
  2. Algaecides
  3. Pool Loans
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Understanding these exclusions is crucial so that you can take proper care of your pool and avoid voiding your warranty. A secure pool cover helps prevent debris from accumulating and protects the water from the elements.

In colder months, they provide an insulating barrier that helps retain heat, reducing energy usage. best pool contractor Nashville,TN. "Regular safety audits are essential for identifying potential hazards and ensuring ongoing compliance with local and national safety standards.

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How Pool Size Impacts Your Project Budget

Following ASTM guidelines helps pool builders and manufacturers produce products and installations that minimize risks and improve overall safety. Professionals have the tools and experience needed to diagnose complex problems, perform advanced repairs, and ensure your pool is safe and properly functioning.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Bromine Systems

  1. pH & Alkalinity Adjusters
  2. Pool Cabanas
  3. Rebar Reinforcement
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  5. Skimmers & Drains
  6. Water Testing & Chemical Safety
  7. Saltwater Pools
"When deciding between in-ground and above-ground pools, it's essential to weigh the trade-offs.

Adding water features, lighting, or decorative tiles can further tie the pool's aesthetic to your home's overall style. By staying consistent with maintenance and addressing small issues promptly, homeowners can enjoy their pool for many years while avoiding expensive repairs or premature renovations."

To avoid surprises, it's important to budget for contingencies, get detailed estimates, and maintain open communication with your contractor throughout the project." "When selecting a pool for your property, it's important to think about size, shape, material, and intended use.

Using a thermal pool cover at night prevents heat from escaping, while also reducing evaporation. best pool company Nashville TN. When contacting potential contractors, pay attention to their communication and willingness to answer questions.

How Pool Size Impacts Your Project Budget
Why Energy-Efficient Pools Are Worth the Investment

Why Energy-Efficient Pools Are Worth the Investment

By incorporating these energy-saving measures, you'll enjoy lower utility bills and a more environmentally friendly pool." A properly cared-for cover prevents debris, dirt, and contaminants from entering the water, reducing the workload on your filtration system. You should also clean skimmer baskets and remove debris from the pump strainer to maintain good water flow.

"Adding a pool deck during a renovation creates a more functional and visually appealing outdoor space. Keeping the pump's motor and seals in good condition by inspecting them periodically and lubricating O-rings will help prevent costly repairs.

"Concrete pools are highly valued for their durability, strength, and limitless design potential. Smaller pools, such as plunge or cocktail pools, are better suited for limited spaces or those who prefer a more intimate setting.

By asking questions and taking notes, you'll gain a clear understanding of what's involved, helping you make informed decisions about moving forward with the project." Their smooth, non-porous surface helps prevent algae buildup, which means fewer chemicals and less cleaning.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Bromine Systems

  1. Water Treatment Experts
  2. Home Equity Loans for Pools
  3. Vinyl Liner Pools
  4. Lap Pools
  5. Concrete Pools
  6. Energy-efficient Pool Equipment


How Much Does It Cost to Build a Pool?

The increased water volume also means higher long-term maintenance and energy costs. However, they require more extensive construction, higher upfront costs, and longer installation times. Above-ground pools are quicker and cheaper to install, making them an ideal option for families on a budget or those looking for a temporary solution.

"Essential pool accessories help ensure a safe, clean, and enjoyable swimming experience. If integrating the spa with an existing pool, work with a professional to ensure proper plumbing, electrical connections, and heating systems.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - pH Balancers

  1. Pool Skimmers
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Contact the warranty provider for clarification and request an appeal if you believe the claim was unfairly denied. Look for professionals with a strong track record, verified licenses, and positive client reviews.

The higher usage volume of commercial pools demands more robust filtration systems, larger pumps, and frequent chemical adjustments. Ask for testimonials or references from past clients, and verify that the contractor is licensed and insured.

How Much Does It Cost to Build a Pool?
Understanding the Design Needs for Commercial Pools
Understanding the Design Needs for Commercial Pools

"Pool safety codes can vary significantly depending on the region, reflecting differences in climate, local regulations, and community priorities. Investing in high-quality replacement parts may cost more upfront but often results in fewer future problems. In colder regions, freezing temperatures can damage equipment and plumbing, making winterization and the use of a durable pool cover crucial.

"The cost to build a pool varies widely depending on factors like size, materials, location, and additional features. Proper drainage and grading are essential to prevent water pooling or erosion.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Pool Coping

  1. Inground Pools
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  3. Swim Schools & Training Pools
  4. Pool Decking
  5. Pool Renovation Specialists
  6. Chlorine Tablets


When speaking with references, ask about the contractor's communication, adherence to timelines, and overall craftsmanship. "A pool slide can bring fun and excitement to your backyard, making it a popular feature for families and guests.

"A good pool contractor should provide warranties on both materials and workmanship to protect your investment. These must-have accessories keep your pool in top condition and ensure it remains a safe and inviting space for everyone."

Why Recycled Materials Are Important in Pool Construction

Private residential pools, on the other hand, generally follow local building codes and rely on homeowner diligence to maintain safety. "Commercial pool design incorporates several critical elements to ensure safety, functionality, and compliance with regulations. "Estimating the total cost of building a pool requires considering multiple factors beyond just construction.

Updating the pool's shape or size, adding features like waterfalls or swim-up bars, and upgrading the decking materials create a more inviting and practical space. These standards often include specific requirements for fencing, lifeguard staffing, chemical testing frequencies, and ADA accessibility.

Determine whether you need a pool for exercise, family fun, or relaxation, as this can influence the type and features you choose.

When Should You Contact the Manufacturer for Warranty Support? - Above Ground Pools

  1. Chlorine Systems
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  3. Pool Contractors
  4. Pool Shock Treatments
  5. Eco-friendly Pools
  6. Jacuzzi Jets
Focus on cost-effective improvements like resurfacing with a durable but affordable finish, replacing old tiles with stylish yet economical options, or upgrading essential equipment to energy-efficient models.

The key difference lies in the degree of oversight and the complexity of safety measures required for public use." Seniors and individuals with limited mobility benefit from accessible entry points, such as ramps, wide steps, or pool lifts.

Why Recycled Materials Are Important in Pool Construction

Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs. The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen is produced as byproduct too.

Distinction from traditional pool chlorination

[edit]

The presence of chlorine in traditional swimming pools can be described as a combination of free available chlorine (FAC) and combined available chlorine (CAC).[1] While FAC is composed of the free chlorine that is available for disinfecting the water, the CAC includes chloramines, which are formed by the reaction of FAC with amines (introduced into the pool by human perspiration, saliva, mucus, urine, and other biologics, and by insects and other pests).[2] Chloramines are responsible for the "chlorine smell" of pools, as well as skin and eye irritation. These problems are the result of insufficient levels of free available chlorine, and indicate a pool that must be "shocked" by the addition of 5–10 times the normal amount of chlorine.[1] In saltwater pools, the generator uses electrolysis to continuously produce free chlorine. As such, a saltwater pool or hot tub is not actually chlorine-free; it simply utilizes added salt and a chlorine generator instead of direct addition of chlorine. It also burns off chloramines in the same manner as traditional shock (oxidizer). As with traditionally chlorinated pools, saltwater pools must be monitored in order to maintain proper water chemistry. Low chlorine levels can be caused by insufficient salt, incorrect (low) chlorine-generation setting on the SWG unit, higher-than-normal chlorine demand, low stabilizer, sun exposure, insufficient pump speed, or mechanical issues with the chlorine generator. Salt count can be lowered due to splash-out, backwashing, and dilution via rainwater.

A salt water chlorinated pool at The Villages, Florida.
A salt water chlorinated pool at The Villages, Florida.

Health concerns

[edit]

Research has shown that because saltwater pools still use chlorine sanitization, they generate the same disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that are present in traditional pools. Of highest concern are haloketones and trihalomethanes (THMs) of those the predominant form being bromoform. Very high levels of bromoform—up to 1.3 mg per liter, or 13 times the World Health Organization's guideline values—have been found in some public saltwater swimming pools.[3]

Manufacturers have been producing saltwater chlorine generators in the United States since the early 1980s, and they first appeared commercially in New Zealand in the early 1970s (the Aquatech IG4500).[4]

Operation

[edit]

The chlorinator cell consists of parallel titanium plates coated with ruthenium and sometimes iridium. Older models make use of perforated (or mesh) plates rather than solid plates. Electrolysis naturally attracts calcium and other minerals to the plates. Thus, depending on water chemistry and magnitude of use, the cell will require periodic cleaning in a mild acid solution (1 part HCl to 15 parts water) which will remove the buildup of calcium compound crystals, such as calcium carbonate or calcium nitrate. Excessive buildup can reduce the effectiveness of the cell. Running the chlorinator for long periods with insufficient salt in the pool can strip the coating off the cell which then requires an expensive[clarification needed] replacement, as can using too strong an acid wash.

Saltwater pools can also require stabilizer (cyanuric acid) to help stop the sun's UV rays from breaking down free chlorine in the pool. Usual levels are 20–50 ppm. They also require the pH to be kept between 7.2 and 7.8 with the chlorine being more effective if the pH is kept closer to 7.2. The average salt levels are usually in the 3000-5000 ppm range, much less than the ocean, which has salt levels of around 35,000 ppm.[5] In swimming pools, salt is typically poured across the bottom and swept with the pool brush until it dissolves; if concentrated brine is allowed into the return-water system it can cause the chlorinator cell to malfunction due to overconductivity.

Salt water chlorination produces an excess of hydroxide ions, and this requires the frequent addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl, also known as muriatic acid) to maintain pH.[6]

Benefits and disadvantages

[edit]

The benefits of salt systems in pools are the convenience and the constant delivery of pure chlorine-based sanitizer. The reduction of irritating chloramines versus traditional chlorinating methods and the "softening" effect of electrolysis reducing dissolved alkali minerals in the water are also perceived as benefits. For some people that have sensitivities to chlorine, these systems may be less offensive.

Disadvantages are the initial cost of the system, maintenance, and the cost of replacement cells. Salt is corrosive and will damage some metals and some improperly-sealed stone. However, as the ideal saline concentration of a salt-chlorinated pool is very low (<3,500ppm, the threshold for human perception of salt by taste; seawater is about ten times this concentration), damage usually occurs due to improperly-maintained pool chemistry or improper maintenance of the electrolytic cell. Pool equipment manufacturers typically will not warrant stainless steel products damaged by saline pools. Calcium and other alkali precipitate buildup will occur naturally on the cathode plate, and sometimes in the pool itself as "scaling". Regular maintenance of the cell is necessary; failure to do so will reduce the effectiveness of the cell. Certain designs of saline chlorinators use a "reverse-polarity" method that will regularly switch the roles of the two electrodes between anode and cathode, causing this calcium buildup to dissolve off the accumulating electrode. Such systems reduce but do not eliminate the need to clean the electrolytic cell and the occurrence of calcium scale in the water.

As chlorine is generated, pH will rise causing the chlorine to be less effective. Many systems with chemistry automation can sense the rising pH and automatically introduce either CO2 or hydrochloric acid in order to bring the pH back to the target level.Automation systems will also manage levels of sanitizer by monitoring the ORP or redox levels of the water. This allows only the needed amount of chlorine to be generated based on the demand.

Sodium bromide can be used instead of sodium chloride, which produces a bromine pool. The benefits and downsides are the same as those of a salt system. It is not necessary to use a chloride-based acid to balance the pH. Also, bromine is only effective as a sanitizer, not as an oxidizer, leaving a need for adding a "shock" such as hydrogen peroxide or any chlorine-based shock to burn off inorganic waste and free up combined bromines. This extra step is not needed in a sodium chloride system, as chlorine is effective as both a sanitizer and an oxidizer. A user would only need to "super chlorinate" or increase chlorine production of the cell occasionally. That would normally be less than once a week or after heavy bather loads.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b David Short, Fran J. Donegan (2012). Pools and Spas: Planning, Designing, Maintaining, Landscaping. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Creative Homeowner. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-58011-391-5.
  2. ^ "Controlling Chloramines in Indoor Swimming Pools". NSW Government Health. 3 December 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  3. ^ Beech; et al. (1980). "Nitrates, Chlorates and Trihalomethanes In Swimming Pool Water". Am J Public Health. 70 (1): 79–82. doi:10.2105/AJPH.70.1.79. PMC 1619346. PMID 7350831.
  4. ^ "Salt WaterSwimming Pools".
  5. ^ Salinity – Dissolved Salts, Measuring Salinity Archived 2009-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, windows2universe.org.
  6. ^ https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/17%3A_Electrochemical_Cells/17.03%3A_Electrolysis_of_Brine

Pool suction-drain injury, also known as suction entrapment, occurs when the drain of a wading pool, swimming pool, hot tub, or fountain sucks in a swimmer's jewelry, torso, limbs, hair or buttocks. In some cases of buttocks entrapment, victims are disemboweled. In the United States, 147 incidents were documented between 1985 and 2002 of which 36 were fatal.[1] In 1982, the Consumer Product Safety Commission reported that five children were disemboweled by drains in wading pools and urged pools to install covers on drains.[2][3]

A standard 8 inches (20 cm) main drain can develop up to 350 pounds (160 kg) of force, which could hold a person underwater in tight grip until the suction is released. This can drown the entrapped person, despite the rescue efforts of multiple adults.[4]

One way to make drains safer is to install shut-off valves and dome-shape drains that are less likely to create a suction effect with the human body, as required in the United States by the 2007 Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act. And as a result of that cases nowadays are extremely rare to nonexistent.[5]

Notable cases

[edit]

United States

[edit]
 
Name Date Incident
Carol Parker 1957 A 13-year-old in Prattville, Alabama was sucked feet-first to her hips into a drain of a municipal pool and remained stuck under nine feet of water despite two lifeguards' efforts. She was able to escape the drain when a pool bystander turned off the pump.[6]
Valerie Lakey 1993 In Cary, North Carolina, 5-year-old Valerie Lakey was disemboweled by a kiddie pool when her bottom became stuck to the drain. Neither turning off the pump nor the strength of four adults dislodged her. The drain cover manufacturer, Sta-Rite, claimed the cover was improperly installed. Lakey survived without most of her small and large intestine and received a $30.9 million settlement from Sta-Rite ($25 million), Wake County, Medfield Area Recreation Club, and others ($5.9 million combined). It was the largest personal injury verdict in North Carolina history and a landmark case of lawyer John Edwards, later a Senator and vice presidential nominee.[7]
Virginia Graeme Baker June 2002 The seven-year-old granddaughter of former US Secretary of State James Baker died of suction entrapment due to a faulty drain cover and died in her mother's arms at the bottom of a hot tub.[8] The United States Congress passed a pool safety act under her name in 2007.[5]
Abigail Taylor 2007 The six-year-old died in 2008 nine months after her injury despite subsequent surgeries. Scott and Katey Taylor, her parents, lobbied for the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act, which was passed the year of Abigail's injury.[9]
Salma Bashir 2008 During a holiday with her family, she was disemboweled while in the kids' swimming pool. As of the time of the report, she was fed by a TPN bag and was waiting for a multiple organ transplant.[10] After getting a small intestine transplant, her body rejected the organ and six months later it was removed, as was her large intestine and gall bladder. She died on January 1, 2024.[11]
Evan Pappas 2018 Survived an entrapment of 7 minutes 40 seconds in a lazy river in South Carolina in 2018.[12]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rowley, William N.; Egstrom, Glen H.; Witte, Donald H.; Rocha, Ester; Rocha, Francisco (2008). "Dual-Main-Drain Suction-Entrapment Test Report". International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education: 190–212 – via Bowling Green State University.
  2. ^ "Open drain holes in wading pools have accidentally disemboweled five children". The Daily Sentinel-Tribune. 1982-08-10. p. 12. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  3. ^ "Children Are Disemboweled by Pool Drains". Lancaster New Era. 1982-08-10. p. 8. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  4. ^ Dumas, Bob (October 2003). "Troubled Waters". Pool and Spa News. Los Angeles: Hanley Wood LLC. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15.
  5. ^ a b "'She Died in My Arms': A Mother's Mission for Safe Pools". ABC News. July 23, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  6. ^ "Alert Youth Rescues Girl from Pool Drain". Chattanooga Daily Times. 1957-06-27. p. 9. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  7. ^ "$30.9 MILLION FOR GIRL DISEMBOWELED IN POOL DRAIN MAKER: COVER WAS INSTALLED WRONG". Associated Press. January 15, 1997. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  8. ^ "Parents of Kids Killed in Pool Drain Accidents Outraged By Federal Rethink of Safety Law". ABC News. March 30, 2010. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
  9. ^ "Girl dies 9 months after horrific pool injury". NBC News. March 21, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  10. ^ Mikolay, Anne (June 8, 2020). "The Unbelievable Story of Salma Bashir". Atlantic Highlands Herald. Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  11. ^ "Girl Whose Insides Were Sucked From Body While Sitting On Pool Suction Defies Medical Odds". Archived from the original on 6 May 2023.
  12. ^ Bever, Lindsey (2021-10-26). "How a child survived eight terrifying minutes trapped underwater". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on Jan 22, 2021.
A 5-seat hot tub with a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, showing vents for water circulation and massage
Outdoor hot tubs
 

A hot tub is a large tub full of water used for hydrotherapy, relaxation or pleasure. Some have powerful jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are sometimes also known as "spas" or by the trade name Jacuzzi.[1] Hot tubs may be located outdoors or indoors.

In contrast to a typical bathtub, a hot tub is designed to be used by more than one person at a time, with many models accommodating four or more people. Unlike baths, soaps and shampoos are not used in wet-jetted hot tubs (although they can be used in air-jetted hot tubs). Home hot tubs are often closer in construction to standard bathtubs, while the construction of a public hot tub often has more in common with a swimming pool, of which it can be considered a type.

History

[edit]

The earliest hot tubs were calderas in which hot stones were placed to heat the water.[citation needed] Therma in Ikaria has been a very popular place particularly for hydrotherapy ever since the 4th century B.C.[2] The remains of wrecked marble bathtubs along with a prehistoric aqueduct that have been unearthed from this area bear ample testimony of the place's popularity in the ancient times.[2]

In 737 A.D., Japan's first onsen opened near Izumo, Shimane, and centuries later, the first ryokan (inns) were built, offering food, accommodations, and soaking tubs called ofuro.

In ancient Rome, there were three types of baths: Baths at home (balnea), private baths (balnea privata), and public baths (balnea publica). The practice of bathing was so engrained that the Roman legions, during their long occupations in foreign lands, built their own baths at mineral and thermal springs in the newly conquered lands. Examples are found all over Europe.[3]

In the 1940s, hot tubs began to appear in the US, inspired by the Japanese ofuro. Hydrotherapy pumps were introduced by Jacuzzi. Fiberglass shell hot tubs appeared around 1970 and were soon superseded by cast acrylic shells.

Water treatment

[edit]

Plumbing

[edit]

The plumbing of the hot tub consists of:

  • A pressure system delivering water to the jets.
  • A suction system returning water to the pumps.
  • A filtration system: the plumbing has to incorporate a filter system to help clean the water. Some models use a separate small 24/7 filter pump while others use programmed settings of the main pumps.
  • Induced air: The jets may use a venturi effect to incorporate air into the water stream for a lighter massage effect; this requires another set of hoses.
  • Some models use an air blower to force air through a separate set of jets for a different "bubbly" massage effect; this is a separate system from the induced air.
  • An ozone system: ozonation is a common adjunct to water maintenance, and if installed will have its own set of hoses and fittings.

Heating and energy use

[edit]

Hot tubs are usually heated using an electric or natural gas heater, though there are also submersible wood fire hot tub heaters, as well as solar hot water systems. Hot tubs are also found at natural hot springs; in this case, the water may be dangerously hot and must be combined with cool water for a safe soaking temperature.

Effective insulation greatly improves the energy efficiency of a hot tub. There are several different styles of hot tub insulation: some manufacturers fill the entire cabinet with foam, while others insulate the underside of the shell, the inside of the cabinet, or both. Many manufacturers advertise the superiority of their approach to insulation, but few independent side-by-side comparisons are available. The hot tub pump and hot tub heater represent most of the power consumption in a hot tub and vary in use of power depending on their size.[4]

Energy efficiency of portable hot tubs has been studied by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGEC),[5] leading to industry responses[6] and interest from both the California Energy Commission and Natural Resources Canada.[citation needed] California's portable electric hot tub listing[5] include R values of thermal insulation, and standby watts.[7][8]

In 2019 an update to the ANSI standard for energy efficiency was approved. For the first time, this new standard increases the minimum energy efficiency level for portable spas and inflatable spas.[9][10] Hot tub covers have been shown to reduce most of the evaporative losses from the pool when not in use. With this component of heat loss being 70%,[11] a cover with even a small R-value is able to achieve as much as a 75% reduction in heating costs when used as opposed to leaving the water surface exposed.[12]

There are several different types of spa covers. Some covers are better for insulation and therefore are lighter on internal parts and energy efficiency. Some examples of covers are insulated, aluminum, rolling, or a tonneau.[citation needed]

Sanitation and water quality

[edit]

Since some hot tubs are not drained after each use it is necessary to treat the water to keep it attractive and safe. It must be neither too alkaline nor too acidic, and must be sanitised to stay free of harmful microorganisms. Partly due to their high water temperatures, hot tubs can pose particular health risks if not regularly maintained: outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease have been traced to poorly sanitized hot tubs.[13] Typically chlorine or bromine are used as sanitizers, but salt water chlorination is starting to become more common.

Sanitation can also be aided by a non-chemical ozonator.

For aesthetic reasons, and for the sanitizer to work properly, water should be neither too alkaline nor too acidic (low pH). The hardness level of the water, measured as the amount of dissolved calcium, is also important. Insufficient hardness can lead to corrosion and water foaming. The ideal range of calcium hardness levels in a hot tub or spa water should be between 150 and 250 ppm (parts per million)[citation needed]

Types

[edit]
Wooden hot tub on a trailer, Finland.
  • Portable vinyl-liner hot tub: these are cheaper and smaller, and require less power, e.g. 110–120 V 15 A household power circuits in North America.[citation needed]
  • Roto-molded hot tubs are constructed with the shell and surrounding cabinet as a single piece. They have molded seating.[14]
  • Acrylic: these hot tubs have a cast acrylic shell, supported by a frame structure, and are usually surrounded by a skirt of either cedar or simulated wood-grain plastic. They typically can seat two to seven persons or more.[citation needed][15]
  • Cement: hot tubs can also be built of cement, above-ground, or in-ground like a small swimming pool.[citation needed]
  • Wooden hot tubs: round wooden hot tubs peaked in popularity in the 1970s, having now been replaced by modern construction methods. Wooden hot tubs are often made of redwood or cedar and assembled from vertical staves and the structure is held together like wooden barrels, with metal bands.[14]
  • Stainless steel hot tubs can be made in any shape and size and are extremely durable.[16]
  • Fiberglass hot tub: glass-reinforced polyester (GRP) hot tubs are made of a plastic matrix reinforced by fine fibers of glass.[citation needed]
  • Inflatable PVC hot tubs. An inflatable hot tub is an air-filled spa structure. Air is pumped into a vinyl skin that expands and creates a solid form. Most commonly round in shape.[17][18]

Safety

[edit]

Sitting in water above normal body temperatures can cause drowsiness which may lead to unconsciousness and subsequently result in drowning. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recommends that water temperatures never exceed 40 degrees Celsius (104 °F). A temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (100 °F) is considered safe for a healthy adult. Soaking in water above 39 degrees Celsius (102 °F) can cause fetal damage during the first three months of pregnancy.[19]

It is also recommended to install residual-current devices for protection against electrocution. The greater danger associated with electrical shock in the water is that the person may be rendered immobile and unable to rescue themselves or to call for help and then drown.[20]

Hot tubs and spas are equipped with drains that can create powerful suction and between 1980 and 1996, the CPSC had reports of more than 700 deaths in spas and hot tubs, about one-third of which were drownings to children under age five. In the same period 18 incidents were reported to the CPSC involving body part entrapment. To reduce the risk of entrapment, US safety standards require that each spa have two drains for each pump, reducing the amount of suction.[21] From 1999 to 2007 there were 26 reports to the CPSC concerning circulation entrapments hot tubs and spas, including three deaths.[22]

In 2001[23] and in 2012[24] the CPSC issued recalls for spa heaters which overheated and caused fires.

The Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems associated with swimming pools, spas and hot tubs as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.[25]

Disease risk

[edit]

Poorly sanitized hot tubs have been linked to a number of diseases, principally caused by facultative anaerobic bacteria. Such incidents include hot tub folliculitis and legionellosis.[26][27]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Has jacuzzi become a generic trademark?". genericides.org. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Ikaria: The Ancient Spa of Therma in Ikaria Greece, Eastern Aegean, Greeka.com.
  3. ^ Schadewalt H. The history of Roman bathing culture [in Dutch]. Integraal1989;4:25–35
  4. ^ "Tips to Improve Hot Tub Energy Use" (PDF). Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  5. ^ a b Pacific Gas and Electric Company (May 12, 2004), Analysis of Standards Options For Portable Electric Spas (PDF), California Energy Commission, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-06, retrieved 2008-09-09 (archived from the original on 2006-10-06).
  6. ^ Katherine Wang and Joshua Keim (September 2007). Turning Up the Heat. Poolspanews.com. Retrieved on 2012-08-10.
  7. ^ "List of portable electric hot tubs approved for sale in California". Archived from the original on Oct 27, 2008.
  8. ^ California's current appliance efficiency regulations. energy.ca.gov (2006).
  9. ^ Megan Geuss (January 13, 2020), Updated hot tub standard could bring surprisingly big energy savings to states, Appliance Standards Awareness Project, retrieved 2020-05-14
  10. ^ ANSI/APSP/ICC-3 "Permanently Installed Residential Spas" (PDF), American National Standards Institute, January 8, 2018
  11. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
  12. ^ "Shutting down your hot tub to save electricity?". 2023-01-28.
  13. ^ BBC (12 March 2013). "Stoke-on-Trent Legionnaires' deaths: Report calls for hot tub review". BBC News. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  14. ^ a b Chahine, Aline (2020-08-13). "9 Types of Hot Tubs to Consider For Your Future Home". Architecture Lab. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  15. ^ Samaan, Payal (9 July 2021). "What are Acrylic Hot Tubs". Allstate Home Leisure.
  16. ^ "The Best Hot Tubs for the Home". Bob Vila. 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  17. ^ Bob Barton (August 2016), "Recent Work on the Design and Construction of Air Inflated Structures", Procedia Engineering, 155, Science Direct: 47–60, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.006
  18. ^ What Makes An Inflatable Spa Different From A Regular Spa?, 24 May 2020
  19. ^ "CPSC Warns Of Hot Tub Temperatures". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  20. ^ "Install Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
  21. ^ "CPSC Issues Warning for Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  22. ^ "1999–2007 Reported Circulation/Suction Entrapments" (PDF). U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  23. ^ "2001 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  24. ^ "2012 Reported Fires Caused by Hot Tubs". U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  25. ^ 2021 Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa and Hot Tub Code (18 ed.). International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). February 2021.
  26. ^ "Hot Tub Rash (Pseudomonas/ Folliculitis) | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  27. ^ "Respiratory Infections | Healthy Swimming | Healthy Water | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
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Driving Directions in Davidson County


Driving Directions From Dream Pools to
Driving Directions From Oasis Outdoor TN to
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Driving Directions From Patsy Cline Museum to
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Reviews for Wallaby Pools Nashville


Hunter VandenBossche

(5)

They do an outstanding job installing beautiful pools and transforming backyards. Winston is exceptional, his communication is top-notch, and he ensures every detail is perfect. Highly recommend!

mary crichton

(5)

Winston Farzan has done excellent work for me several times. He's been able to tackle many different jobs at once. I save jobs for him knowing that I can depend on his expertise!

Cory Lee

(5)

Awesome. I watched a small backyard turn into a backyard oasis. The other options for a smaller pool were either fiberglass or refurbished containers. This is an actual concrete pool with automation. Looks great and I love it!

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Frequently Asked Questions

A pool contractor manages the design, construction, and installation of swimming pools. They handle permits, oversee subcontractors, and ensure the project meets local building codes and safety standards.

A deck creates a functional and attractive space for lounging, entertaining, and easier pool access. It also enhances safety by providing a secure, slip-resistant surface around the pool.

A plunging pool is a compact, deep pool designed for quick dips and relaxation. It�s ideal for small backyards or as a cool-down spot near larger pools or spas.

Fiberglass pools are a great choice in Nashville due to their quick installation, durability, and low maintenance needs. They are well-suited for local climates and offer long-lasting enjoyment.

The timeline depends on the pool type. Fiberglass pools can be installed in as little as a few weeks, while concrete pools may take several months. A reliable contractor will provide a clear schedule.

A dip pool is a small, shallow pool designed for cooling off and relaxing. In Nashville, they�re popular due to their compact size, lower maintenance requirements, and ability to fit into smaller outdoor spaces.